![]() Properties of CNTs can vary depending upon its length and diameter. ĬNTs have a very simple chemical composition and atomic bonding configuration but manifest an extreme richness and variety in their structures and structure–property relations. MWCNTs show superior mechanical and physical properties which include a high modulus of elasticity (≥ 1 TPA), a tensile strength of 65–93 GPa, twice the thermal conductivity as that of diamond, a high aspect ratio in the range of 100–2,50,000, excellent electrical conductivity and are mostly present as a fluffy black and granular powder. ![]() MWCNTs have been used in wide areas such as high-frequency semiconducting devices, light-emitting diodes (LEDs), microelectronic devices, wearable, and textile-based electrodes, large-area printed electronics, radio-frequency identification (RFID) tags, circuits, humidity sensors, catalysis, and flexible sensors for measuring bio-signals such as electroencephalography, electrocardiogram (ECG), and electromyography. They can also be defined as the concentric arrangement of multiple SWCNTs. The diameters are in the range of 1–3 nm. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have a complex structure that consists of two or more cylinders (approximately 50), each made up of graphene sheets. The two regions are the sidewall of the tube and the end cap of the tube. ![]() The SWCNTs have two regions that have distinct physical and chemical properties. Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) which comprise a single layer of graphene have diameters ranging from 0.4 to 2 nm and mostly occur as hexagonally packed bundles. CNTs are also known as buckytubes which are hollow tubes with diameters in the nanometers range.ĬNTs are usually divided into two types based on the number of carbon layers present. CNTs have an arrangement of sp 2 hybridized carbon atoms with an interatomic distance of 1.4 Å. The CNTs are formed by layers of carbon atoms mounted on each other in a rolled tube, in a hexagonal shape. In 1991, Iijima discovered carbon nanotubes (CNTs), which captivated the interest of many people due to their outstanding electrical, optical, thermal, and mechanical properties and is considered as most distinctive invention in nanotechnology. Carbon-based nanomaterials comprise fullerenes, graphene, carbon nanotubes, and their derivatives such as nanodiamonds, graphene oxide, and carbon-based quantum dots. Various structure can be molded from carbon nanomaterials such as nanowires, 2D films, and a range of 3D structures. Carbon nanomaterials have unique properties such as high specific surface area, high carrier mobility, higher electrical conductivity, flexibility, and optical transparency hence, they find applications in a variety of the areas such as drug delivery, biosensing, molecular imaging, and tissue engineering. Carbon materials that can be synthesized and characterized at the nano-level have become a center of attraction in the field of nanotechnology. These properties allow the formation of diverse structures ranging from a few nanometers to hundreds of millimeters. The concerns about CNTs include cytotoxicity faced in in vivo biomedical applications and its high manufacturing cost are discussed in the review.Ĭarbon is one the most versatile element and has several allotropes and structures with various properties because of their sp, sp 2, or sp 3 hybridization. CNTs have also shown great results in detecting the SARS COVID-19 virus and in the field of cancer treatment and tissue engineering which is substantially required looking at the present conditions. CNTs can increase the lifespan of drugs in humans and facilitate their delivery directly to the targeted cells they are also highly efficient biocompatible biosensors and bioimaging agents. In recent years, the use of CNTs in biomedical applications has grown exponentially as they are utilized in the field of drug delivery, tissue engineering, biosensors, bioimaging, and cancer treatment. Functionalization of CNTs has been valuable in modifying their properties, expanding their applications, and reducing their toxicity. Researchers have reported remarkable mechanical, electronic, and physical properties of CNTs which makes their applications so versatile. ![]() In this review, we have elucidated a contemporary synopsis of properties, synthesis, functionalization, toxicity, and several potential biomedical applications of CNTs. ![]() In the past decade, there has been phenomenal progress in the field of nanomaterials, especially in the area of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). ![]()
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